Top Ten Scientific Theories Which Seem Unrealistic But Are Scientifically Proved and Accepted

Nothing can be more revolutionary and controversial than this theory laid down by none other than Albert Einstein.

This theory gave sci-fi fans hope that a time machine could possibly be invented by science, although it is very unlikely.

In brief, the theory says that time dilation for a person can be achieved in two possible ways.

If you travel close to the speed of light, then to uphold the electromagnetic laws of physics, you can never cross the speed of light irrespective of your efforts. If, however, a person is able to generate enough horsepower to cross this limit, time will itself dilate for them, thus canceling the effect. (Speed = Distance ÷ Time, and here time dilates for a given distance to maintain speed below light's speed.)

The other way to achieve time dilation is to be under the influence of a hugely strong gravitational field.

Go into a black hole and you'll realize that time will dilate for you, and people far away would see you falling into the black hole in ultra-slow motion (provided that you survive it!).

Thus, through time dilation, one can only move into the future and not the past. At least time paradoxes won't occur with this theory.

The whole of quantum physics is very mysterious in itself. Some of the experiments, like Schrödinger's cat experiment, can baffle anybody's mind in no time.

This theory brought a revolution in theoretical physics when it first came out. It says that nothing can have a fixed position as well as a fixed momentum at the same time. There is always a theoretical error associated with it.

According to this theory, the probability of the existence of anything stretches out to the whole universe. You might be sitting in your room, located on our planet Earth, but there are countless copies of you who might be sitting on a similar Earth-like planet, millions of light years away! Sounds unrealistic, but this is what we get from this principle.

This principle explained the atomic model to some extent and is the basis of quantum physics. It said that the electron didn't have a fixed orbit but could be located at any corner of space.

This theory also says that the farther one goes from the seemingly fixed position of an object, the less the probability of finding that object in that place. The probability is very, very low for even a few micrometers from the seemingly fixed position of the object.

Who would have thought this was possible? Two or more quantum particles with a definitive link between quantum states irrespective of location and irrespective of the quantum states themselves. Meaning that even with great separation, one collapse of a wave function with one decides the fate of the other instantaneously.

It is truly amazing how this leads to quantum teleportation, in which entangled particles retain information of each other to transfer to another entangled point, quantum computing, where entangled qubits increase the quantum calculation number via superpositions exponentially, and even wormholes, which are two black holes entangled by gravity.

Although this theory has not yet received full approval from the scientific community, it's a staple one used by sci-fi authors. Through a wormhole, one can travel through time and space into the past or future. It's like a tunnel connecting two timelines.

Who doesn't know this famous equation E=mc^2, laid down, again, by Albert Einstein? This equation is blamed as the culprit behind the atomic bombs, which are our prime threat that can cause an apocalypse.

Now, what does this theory tell us?

Whenever nuclear reactions occur, the total mass of by-products formed is always less than the total mass of the initial object used for the reaction.

The mass lost can be approximately 0.0000000001 gram, but it destroyed the whole of Nagasaki or Hiroshima in a few minutes!

Thus, the energy released is so enormous in this principle that countries have all gone wild to have control over this power.

Newton did a great deal of experiments in the field of optics. Through his experiments, he concluded that light was made up of particles (like matter) and applied his three mechanics equations to successfully explain the reflection and refraction of light.

But problems arose when the particle theory was unable to explain the phenomena of interference and diffraction of light.

This is how the wave theory of light was born. The wave theory was consistent not only with reflection and refraction, but also with diffraction and interference of light. But when things were looking too good, a phenomenon called the photoelectric effect created a huge hole in this wave theory.

To solve this problem, Albert Einstein (again!) came up with a solution and said, "Why not consider light as packets of waves? In that way, we could treat it as a particle for this photoelectric effect and as a wave for explaining the other phenomena like reflection."

So, what is light now considered to be? Both a wave and a particle at the same time!

Surely very unrealistic, but true.

Although temperature doesn't have a maximum limit, it does have a minimum limit. This is called 0 kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius. You cannot attain a temperature below this, even if you use 1,000,000,000 refrigerators at the same time to cool it.

The theory states that only ideal gases can attain this absolute zero temperature (not solids, liquids, or non-ideal gases). Also, at this temperature, the volume of these ideal gases becomes ZERO (theoretically). Now, how can a gas have zero volume? That is why attaining this temperature is considered impossible by scientists for real-life purposes. You can only bring the temperature very, very close to absolute zero (thus bringing the volume of the gas very, very close to zero), but not absolute zero.

As we all know, the things all around us, we, and this whole material world are composed of matter. Matter consists of things we can touch, feel, see, and perceive.

Atoms and molecules make up this whole "matter" universe around us. But matter's opposite twin, antimatter, existed along with its brother when the universe was newly formed. They never got along, and as soon as they would collide, they would explode into a burst of energy and get annihilated.

How matter won this war is still unknown. There are many theories explaining this, but we don't know for sure why matter won.

Antiparticles of protons are called antiprotons, and those of neutrons are called antineutrons. Antiparticles of electrons are called positrons!

When experiments showed that cathode rays (a beam of electrons) could also be diffracted, it posed a massive problem for the scientific community. To explain this, they had to accept that electrons also showed wave-particle duality like light. Thus, all matter, including us, is considered to be both a wave and a particle in the eyes of science.